ABSTRACT
Preoperative detection of biomarkers that can predict postoperative survival of gastric cancer patients has important implications for surgical procedures, postoperative chemoradiotherapy and followup. Using multi-center cancer database and online analysis and verifying by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, we found that Osteomodulin (OMD) was highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues (P =0. 015) and could affect the survival of gastric cancer patients (P < 0. 001) and can be detected preoperatively to evaluate the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. The mRNA expression of OMD was significantly correlated with age (P = 0. 034), Lauren typing (P < 0. 001) and clinical stage (P =0. 001) of gastric cancer patients. It also associated with a variety of immune cells (dendritic cellsresting, eosinophils) and the immune checkpoint regulator ENTPD1 (rho = 0. 634, P < 0. 001) and chemokine CXCL12 (rho = 0. 625, P < 0. 001), which affects the occurrence and development of gastriccancer through the immune microenvironment. Therefore, OMD may become a clinically feasible prognostic biomarker of gastric cancer and a new target for immunotherapy.
ABSTRACT
Phytoremediation effectiveness and remediation costs are driving factors of this project. Full utilization of plant resources after their being used for phytoremediation is an unsolved problem. GC/MS technique was used to investigate the volatiles of the flowers from Elsholtzia argyi (PFE1: Purple Flower Elsholtzia) and their variation (WFE: White Flower Elsholtzia), naturally growing in Pb/Zn mined area, and Elsholtzia argyi (PFE2: Purple Flower Elsholtzia), naturally growing in Jiuxi uncontaminated agriculture soil. Seventeen compounds constituting 86.88% of total essential oils were identified in PFE1, with 2,6-octadienoic acid,3,7-dimethyl-methyl ester being the main constituent (63.30%). Sixteen compounds accounting for 95.32% of total essential oils were identified in WFE, with caryophyllene being the main component (55.02%). Compared to PFE1, PFE2 contains lower level of 2,6-octadienoic acid,3,7-dimethyl-methyl ester (31.76%), which is the main constituent in the total essential oils of PFE2. Caryophyllene is the main ingredient of flavor. Elsholtzia ketone was identified in all the three Elsholtzia plants. It can be concluded that the selected Elsholtzia argyi plants can be exploited on their versatile uses as fragrances and antiseptics due to the perfume ingredient and antibacterial components existing in their essential oils.
Subject(s)
Agriculture , Methods , Biodegradation, Environmental , Conservation of Natural Resources , Flowers , Classification , Metabolism , Lamiaceae , Classification , Metabolism , Oils, Volatile , Metabolism , Plant Extracts , Metabolism , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
A solution with different Cu supply levels was cultured to investigate gama-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation in Elsholtzia splendens, a native Chinese Cu-tolerant and accumulating plant species. Increasing Cu from 0.25 to 500 micromol/L significantly enhanced levels of GABA and histidine (His), but considerably decreased levels of aspartate (Asp) and glutamate (Glu) in the leaves. The leaf Asp level negatively correlated with leaf Cu level, while leaf GABA level positively correlated with leaf Cu level. The leaf Glu level negatively correlated with leaf GABA level in Elsholtzia splendens. The depletion of leaf Glu may be related to the enhanced synthesis of leaf GABA under Cu stress.
Subject(s)
Copper , Toxicity , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Tolerance , Physiology , Gene Expression Regulation , Lamiaceae , Metabolism , Plant Leaves , Metabolism , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid , MetabolismABSTRACT
Copper accumulation and intracellular distribution in Elsholtzia splendens, a native Chinese Cu-tolerant and accumulating plant species, was investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and gradient centrifugation techniques. Copper concentrations in roots, stems and leaves of E. splendens increased with increasing Cu levels in solution. After exposure to 500 micromol/L Cu for 8 d, about 1000 mg/kg Cu were accumulated in the stem and 250 mg/kg Cu in the leaf of E. splendens. At 50 micromol/L Cu, no significant toxicity was observed in the chloroplast and mitochondrion within its leaf cells, but separation appeared at the cytoplasm and the cell wall within the root cells. At >250 micromol/L Cu, both root and leaf cell organelles in E. splendens were damaged heavily by excessive Cu in vivo. Copper subcellular localization in the plant leaf after 8 days' exposure to 500 micromol/L Cu using gradient centrifugation techniques was found to be decreased in the order: chloroplast>cell wall>soluble fraction>other organelles. The plant root cell wall was found to be the site of highest Cu localization. Increase of Cu exposure time from 8 d to 16 d, increased slightly Cu concentration in cell wall fraction in roots and leaves, while that in the chloroplast fraction decreased in leaves of the plants grown in both 0.25 micromol/L and 500 micromol/L Cu. TEM confirmed that much more Cu localized in cell walls of E. splendens roots and leaves, but also more Cu localized in E. splendens' chloroplast when the plant is exposed to Cu levels>250 micromol/L, as compared to those in the plant grown in 0.25 micromol/L Cu. Copper treatment at levels>250 micromol/L caused pronounced damage in the leaf chloroplast and root organelles. Copper localization in cell walls and chloroplasts could mainly account for the high detoxification of Cu in E. splendens.
Subject(s)
Copper , Metabolism , Lamiaceae , Cell Biology , Metabolism , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Plant Leaves , Cell Biology , Metabolism , Plant Roots , Cell Biology , Metabolism , Plant Stems , Cell Biology , MetabolismABSTRACT
Elsholtzia argyi and Elsholtzia splendens, which are Chinese endemic Pb/Zn mined and Cu mined ecotype respectively, were investigated in the aspect of their response to Pb toxicity in the presence or absence of EDTA addition. After 8 d's Pb treatment, root length, root surface area and root volume of E. splendens decreased much more than those of E. argyi, and reduced considerably with increase of Pb, while no marked change was noted for root average diameter. Compared to E. argyi, length of root with diameter (D)<0.2 mm was significantly reduced for E. splendens as Pb increasing. Root with cross-sectional area of D<0.1 mm for E. splendens was at Pb> or =10 mg/L, while for E. argyi, it was at Pb> or =25 mg/L. DW of E. splendens decreased much more than that of E. argyi with increase of Pb. E. argyi exhibited much more tolerance to Pb toxicity than E. splendens. Treatment with 100 mg/L Pb plus 50 mmol/L EDTA significantly decreased the length and surface area of D< or =0.2 mm root, increased the length and surface area of 0.2< or =D< or =0.8 mm root for the case of E. argyi, while for E. splendens, length and surface area of D<0.6 mm root reduced, as compared to 100 mg/L Pb treatment, alone. At 100 mg/L Pb, shoot Pb accumulation in E. splendens and E. argyi were 27.9 and 89.0 microg/plant DW respectively, and much more Pb was uptaken by the root and translocated to the stem of E. argyi as compared to E. splendens. Treatment of the plant with 100 mg/L Pb plus 50 mmol/L EDTA increase leaf Pb accumulation from 16.8 to 84.9 g/plant for E.splendens and from 18.8 to 52.5 g/plant for E. argyi, while both root and stem Pb pronouncedly reduced for both Elsholtzia species. The increased translocation of Pb to the leaf of E. splendens than that of E. argyi at the treatment of 100 mg/L Pb plus 50 mmol/L EDTA should be further investigated.